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Ultra-Orthodox Jewish demonstrators chant to protest their conscription in Israel's military and the arrest of religious school students who avoided draft orders, during a rally in Jerusalem on August 7, 2025. The conscription of ultra-Orthodox Jews is a highly contentious issue for Israeli society, large parts of which are required to serve in the army. Under an arrangement since Israel's 1948 founding, ultra-Orthodox Jews have been exempted from military service as long as they dedicate themselves to religious studies. But public support for the exemptions has waned, particularly as the army faces manpower shortages after more than 21 months of war in Gaza. (Photo by Menahem Kahana/AFP Photo)
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