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The 2007 presidential vote in Kenya, when incumbent President Mwai Kibaki was declared victor, erupted into bloodletting that drove 350,000 people from their homes. It was disputed by opponents. More than 1,200 people were slaughtered, many butchered by machete, burnt alive or shot with bows and arrows as the country's biggest tribes turned on one another. Previous votes in Kenya have also been dogged by “ghost” voters, stuffed ballot boxes and rigging at the final tally. As well as tribal friction, corruption is frequently a factor in conflict – although this has decreased since 2010, according to a Transparency International survey. In 2010, 45% of Kenyans reported paying a bribe, the survey showed. (Photo by Radu Sigheti/Reuters)
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