The Kingdom of Pagan (also commonly known as the Pagan Dynasty and the Pagan Empire) was the first kingdom to unify the regions that would later constitute modern-day Burma (Myanmar). Pagan's 250-year rule over the Irrawaddy valley and its periphery laid the foundation for the ascent of Burmese language and culture, the spread of Burman ethnicity in Upper Burma, and the growth of Theravada Buddhism in Burma and in mainland Southeast Asia.

Joaldunaks return in a trailer to their town at the end of Carnival between of the Pyrenees villages of Ituren and Zubieta, northern Spain, Monday, February 1, 2016. In one of the most ancient carnivals in Europe, dating from before the Roman empire, companies of Joaldunak (cowbells) made up of residents of two towns, Ituren and Zubieta, parade the streets costumed in sandals, lace petticoats, sheepskins around the waist and shoulders, coloured neckerchiefs, conical caps with ribbons and a hyssop of horsehair in their right hands and cowbells hung across their lower back. (Photo by Alvaro Barrientos/AP Photo)

Children displaced as a result of Boko Haram attacks in the northeast region of Nigeria, run at a camp for internally displaced persons (IDP) in Yola, Adamawa State January 13, 2015. Boko Haram says it is building an Islamic state that will revive the glory days of northern Nigeria's medieval Muslim empires, but for those in its territory life is a litany of killings, kidnappings, hunger and economic collapse. (Photo by Afolabi Sotunde/Reuters)

The Tribute in Light is seen behind the Empire State Building on September 10, 2011 in New York City. The Tribute in Light is an art installation honoring those who perished in the 9/11 attacks. New York City and the nation are preparing for the tenth anniversary of the terrorist attacks on lower Manhattan which resulted in the deaths of 2,753 people at the World Trade Center. (Photo by Mario Tama/Getty Images)

Kashmiri woman takes part in a physical test of a recruitment rally for the Special Police Officers (SPO) in Jammu and Kashmir Police, in Srinagar on December 6, 2019. As many as 23,000 people have applied for posts in the Special Police Officers (SPO) in Jammu and Kashmir Police and 100 positions will filled in the current phase of recruitment, local authorities said. (Photo by Tauseef Mustafa/AFP Photo)

Jade Marvin from Starlight Express gets her skates on for a special number at The Olivier Awards 2025 at The Royal Albert Hall on April 06, 2025 in London, England. (Photo by David Levene/The Guardian)

Trainees of the Tianjiao Special Guard/Security Consultant bodyguard training camp watch their instructor use a scarf to cover a student's head during a demonstration of close-quarter combat skills at a special course on flight safety inside a scale model of a passenger jet at a flight attendant training centre on the outskirts of Beijing, March 18, 2014. Inspired by the missing Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370, the company wanted to emphasize the importance of aviation safety by teaching their trainees emergency evacuation procedures and close-quarter combat skills to handle situations such as natural disasters and plane hijacks, according to the company. (Photo by Jason Lee/Reuters)