A man sits at the back of his car in the city centre of Yangon on September 15, 2023. (Photo by Sai Aung Main/AFP Photo)

The Kingdom of Pagan (also commonly known as the Pagan Dynasty and the Pagan Empire) was the first kingdom to unify the regions that would later constitute modern-day Burma (Myanmar). Pagan's 250-year rule over the Irrawaddy valley and its periphery laid the foundation for the ascent of Burmese language and culture, the spread of Burman ethnicity in Upper Burma, and the growth of Theravada Buddhism in Burma and in mainland Southeast Asia.

Labourers unload gravel from a boat docked in Dala township, opposite Yangon city, Myanmar, November 12, 2015. (Photo by Olivia Harris/Reuters)

Children play in front of a brick factory on the outskirts of the northern Myanmar city of Mandalay on December 14, 2015. (Photo by Phyo Hein Kyaw/AFP Photo)

A wounded protester is seen after security forces intervene in protesters during a protest against military coup and detention of elected government members in Mandalay, Myanmar on March 27, 2021. (Photo by Stringer/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)

People ride a bus as they travel in Yangon, Myanmar January 14, 2017. Picture taken January 14, 2017. (Photo by Soe Zeya Tun/Reuters)

A group of men play Myanmar's traditional sport of chinlone in Naypyitaw, Myanmar, Friday, November 18, 2016. (Photo by Aung Shine Oo/AP Photo)

A woman spreads out fish to dry at Ngapali Beach near a fishing village in Myanmar's western Rakhine State, Saturday, December 31, 2022. (Photo by Aung Shine Oo/AP Photo)