Vardzia is a cave monastery site in southern Georgia, excavated from the slopes of the Erusheti Mountain on the left bank of the Mtkvari River, thirty kilometres from Aspindza. The main period of construction was the second half of the twelfth century. The caves stretch along the cliff for some five hundred metres and in up to nineteen tiers. The Church of the Dormition, dating to the 1180s during the golden age of Tamar and Rustaveli, has an important series of wall paintings. The site was largely abandoned after the Ottoman takeover in the sixteenth century. Now part of a state heritage reserve, the extended area of Vardzia-Khertvisi has been submitted for future inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage List

Folk artists perform intangible culture heritage items during a celebration at a park in Chengshan Town to welcome Chinese new year, on Janaury 18, 2022 in Rongcheng, Shandong Province of China. (Photo by Yang Zhili/VCG via Getty Images)

White-robed men hold up flaming torches during an annual fire festival at the World Heritage-listed Kumano Nachi Taisha shrine in the Wakayama Prefecture town of Nachikatsuura, western Japan on July 14, 2022. (Photo by Kyodo News/Newscom/Avalon)

Picture of a float taking part in the “White Day” parade during the Carnival of Blacks and Whites in Pasto, Colombia on January 6, 2024. The Blacks and Whites carnival has its origins in a mix of Andean, Amazonian and Pacific cultural expressions, and it celebrates the ethnic diversity in the region and was proclaimed by UNESCO as intangible cultural heritage in 2009. (Photo by Joaquín Sarmiento/AFP Photo)

A wrestler from the Nuba Mountains tribe is seen during a celebration of their cultural heritage, as part of ongoing events to commemorate the International Day of the World's Indigenous Peoples, in Omdurman August 15, 2015. The International Day of the World's Indigenous Peoples is observed on August 9 annually. (Photo by Mohamed Nureldin Abdallah/Reuters)

A Thai mahout and his elephant, both dressed as Santa Claus pass in font of a large photograph of Thai King Bhumibol Adulyadej following a Christmas event at a school in the world heritage city of Ayutthaya, north of Bangkok, Thailand, 24 December 2015. The annual event is held to celebrate the Christmas season in the overwhelmingly Buddhist kingdom. (Photo by Diego Azubel/EPA)

Sikh Nihang's Singh (Sikh warriors) walk along the empty Heritage Street after strict lockdown norms for weekends and public holidays were imposed as a preventive measure against the COVID-19 coronavirus, in Amritsar on June 13, 2020. (Photo by Narinder Nanu/AFP Photo)

A Kenyan model Ajuma Nasanyana waits behind the scenes before the fashion show showcasing African fashion and culture during a gala marking the launch of a book called “African Twilight: The Vanishing Rituals and Ceremonies of the African Continent” at the African Heritage House in Nairobi, Kenya on March 3, 2019. (Photo by Baz Ratner/Reuters)