Hornets are insects that are the largest eusocial wasps. Some species can reach up to 5.5 cm (2.2 in) in length. The true hornets make up the genus Vespa and are distinguished from other vespines by the width of the vertex (part of the head behind the eyes), which is proportionally larger in Vespa and by the anteriorly rounded gasters (the section of the abdomen behind the wasp waist). The best known species is the European hornet (Vespa crabro), about 2–3.5 cm in length, widely distributed throughout Europe, Russia, North America and Northeast Asia.

An arrow-head discovered in 2006 by Archaeologists of the University of Cambridge Archaeological Unit, is displayed by one of the team uncovering Bronze Age wooden houses, preserved in silt, from a quarry near Peterborough, Britain, January 12, 2016. Archaeologists said on Tuesday they had discovered what were believed to be the best-preserved Bronze Age dwellings ever found in Britain, providing an extraordinary insight into prehistoric life from 3,000 years ago. (Photo by Peter Nicholls/Reuters)

Zoi Karangelou of Greece compete in the Women's Solo Technical final on day one of World Aquatics Artistic Swimming World Cup Super Final 2025 at Xi'an Olympic Sports Centre on June 13, 2025 in Xi An, China. (Photo by Lintao Zhang/Getty Images)

People help a wounded man following an Israel airstrike in central Tehran, Iran, 15 June 2025. Israel and Iran have been exchanging fire since Israel attacked Iran on 13 June 2025 as part of operation “Rising Lion”. (Photo by Majid Khahi/EPA/EFE)

Yaroslava Mahuchikh, of Ukraine, competes in the women's high jump competition at the Wanda Diamond League Final 2025 athletics meeting in Zurich, Switzerland, Wednesday, August 27, 2025. (Photo by Til Buergy/Keystone via AP Photo)

This view shows giant hot air balloons of various shapes being lifted to begin flights from the Metropolitan Park over the city of Leon during the 2025 International Balloon Festival (FIG) in the state of Guanajuato, Mexico on November 15, 2025. (Photo by Mario Armas/AFP Photo)

The Spider-Man balloon is inflated on the eve of the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade 2025 on Manhattan's upper west side in New York City, U.S., November 26, 2025. (Photo by Kylie Cooper/Reuters)

A political billboard by the artist Karen Fiorito satirising Donald Trump and Elon Musk in Phoenix, US on March 12, 2025. The artwork, titled Twitler and Putin’s Puppet Do Washington, depicts Musk as a puppet master controlling Trump. The artwork on the other side, Liar in Chief, references Project 2025, a conservative proposal to overhaul the federal government. (Photo by Eduardo Barraza/ZUMA Press Wire/Rex Features/Shutterstock)