Revelers take part in SantaCon in New York City, U.S., December 10, 2022. (Photo by David “Dee” Delgado/Reuters)

A woman cools off at a fountain in central Cordoba, southern Spain, 11 August 2021. Andalucia was put on orange alert for high temperatures, with a new heatwave forecast to reach temperatures of over 41 degrees Celsius in the region. (Photo by Salas/EPA/EFE)

A person participates in the parade of the “San Jose Carnival” in San Jose, Costa Rica, 27 December 2018. The festival sees people parading through the city's main avenues as part of the San Jose Celebrations that take place at the end of each year. (Photo by Jeffrey Arguedas/EPA/EFE)

A police officer stands guard out of a venue where farmer leaders meet with government representatives in New Delhi, India, December 5, 2020. (Photo by Adnan Abidi/Reuters)

Do you think that history is a science? Well, not exactly. First, and foremost, history is the state's “legend of wars”, it’s official regalia. Of course, public historians are not interested in scientific truth – quite the opposite. In this respect, any attempt to present a state’s history as altruistic and benevolent as possible is welcomed and encouraged – as opposed to any revisionism attempts that may be more accurate. In this matter, Chinese have surpassed us all – they revised in highly creative manner (but rather shamelessly) the technology already invented by Europeans, a process that resulted in oldest state on the planet. Here is an interesting paradox: ask any sinologist about the Middle Kingdom during second century B.C., and he will describe it to you in such a vivid manner as if he has been living there all his life – but as soon as you will ask him to describe Chinese history in the 19-20th centuries… let's say, his eagerness will be greatly diminished. However, we will discuss China in a different article, and in the meantime we will try to understand how exactly historic “legend of wars” is formed and functions – based on a specific and well-known example. A great example is Ferdinand Magellan's first voyage around the world.

An Orthodox activist (Right) clashes with a gay rights campaigner during a protest outside of the State Duma, Russian Parliament's lower chamber, in downtown Moscow, January 22, 2013. (Photo by Ilya Pitalev/RIA Novosti)

“Lobsang and 66 fellow monks were imprisoned in 1959. When released 21 years later, he was one of only three survivors. While in prison his best friend, a rinpoche, died in his arms. Tensin was later discovered to be the reincarnation of that friend. Lobsang said there are so many characteristics of his old friend in the young boy”. (Photo and caption by Phil Borges)

Lucaz Adamus (3), from Lucan, enjoying the Dublin Racing Festival, at Leopardstown Racecourse in Dublin, Ireland on February 5, 2023. (Photo by Tom Maher/Inpho)