The Kingdom of Pagan (also commonly known as the Pagan Dynasty and the Pagan Empire) was the first kingdom to unify the regions that would later constitute modern-day Burma (Myanmar). Pagan's 250-year rule over the Irrawaddy valley and its periphery laid the foundation for the ascent of Burmese language and culture, the spread of Burman ethnicity in Upper Burma, and the growth of Theravada Buddhism in Burma and in mainland Southeast Asia.

People participate in the first day of Thingyan Water Festival in Naypyitaw, Myanmar on April 13, 2018. The annual water festival, known as Thingyan, features large groups of people congregating to celebrate the by splashing water and throwing powder at each other's faces as a symbol of cleansing and washing away the sins from the old year. It marks the start of the traditional New Year and is similarly celebrated in countries such as Myanmar, Thailand, Laos and Cambodia. (Photo by Hein Htet/EPA/EFE/Rex Features/Shutterstock)

People search for shells on a beach in Sittwe, Rakhine State, Myanmar, 17 September 2020. International Coastal Cleanup Day is observed annually on the third Saturday of September and will occur on 19 September this year. (Photo by Nyunt Win/EPA/EFE/Rex Features/Shutterstock)

This photo taken and received courtesy of an anonymous source on April 8, 2021 show a woman looking at shoes displayed with flowers in Yangon's Myaynigone township, as part of the “Marching Shoes Strike” called on social media to protest against the demonstration against the military coup in Myanmar. (Photo by Handout via AFP Photo)

In this photo released by the Chin Human Rights Organization, fires burn in the town of Thantlang in Myanmar's northwestern state of Chin, on Friday October 29, 2021. More than 160 buildings in the town in the northwestern Myanmar, including three churches, have been destroyed by fire caused by shelling by government troops, local media and activists reported Saturday. (Photo by Chin Human Rights Organization via AP Photo)

A man sits at the back of his car in the city centre of Yangon on September 15, 2023. (Photo by Sai Aung Main/AFP Photo)

Ko Min, 26, manually extracts oil from one of three 300 feet deep wells he works on in the Minhla township of the Magwe district October 27, 2013. Everyday, Ko Min makes around $30 extracting crude oil from three small wells after he bought rights to use them for close to $1000 from a farmer who owns the land. In Myanmar, an impoverished country rich with natural resources, people from poor communities find ways to supplement their income by exploiting such resources, such as the Minhla township, traditionally rich with oil, often using primitive and dangerous methods. (Photo by Damir Sagolj/Reuters)

Burmese monks take their yearly exam December 13, 2011 in Bago, Myanmar. Around 1,400 monks from Bago province took part . (Photo by Paula Bronstein /Getty Images)