Buzludzha is a historical peak in the Central Stara Planina, Bulgaria and is 1441 metres high. In 1868 it was the place of the final battle between Bulgarian rebels led by Hadji Dimitar and Stefan Karadzha and the Ottoman Empire. The Buzludzha Monument on the peak was built by the Bulgarian communist regime to commemorate the events in 1891 when the socialists led by Dimitar Blagoev assembled secretly in the area to form an organised socialist movement with the founding of the Bulgarian Social Democratic Party, a fore-runner of the Bulgarian Communist Party. The Monument was opened in 1981. No longer maintained by the Bulgarian government, it has fallen into disuse. Buzludzha is reached by a 12 km side road from the Shipka Pass.

A rescue team flies on a Colombian Air Force helicopter during an earthquake emergency drill with Air Force troops from Colombia, Brazil, Ecuador, Bolivia and the United States at the Palenquero Air Force base in Puerto Salgar, Cundinamarca department, Colombia, on September 2, 2021. Air Force crews from 15 countries take part in the “Angel de los Andes” exercises, where they simulated several rescue operations in different scenarios. (Photo by Joaquin Sarmiento/AFP Photo)

Iraqi rapid response forces take a selfie picture outside a hospital damaged by clashes during a battle between Iraqi forces and Islamic State militants in the Wahda district of eastern Mosul, Iraq, January 8, 2017. (Photo by Alaa Al-Marjani/Reuters)

Several soldiers from the Spanish Air Force observe a Eurofighter EF-2000 fighter aircraft of the Spanish Air Force, as it flies during the Ocean Sky 2023 Military Exercise for advanced air-to-air training in the southern airspace of the Canary Islands, Spain on October 25, 2023. (Photo by Borja Suarez/Reuters)

A Somali Armed Forces member carries her ammunition during fighting between the military and police backed by intelligence forces in the Dayniile district of Mogadishu, Somalia September 16, 2017. (Photo by Feisal Omar/Reuters)

A servicewoman of the 65th Separate Mechanized Brigade of the Ukrainian Armed Forces attends a military drill near a frontline in Zaporizhzhia region, Ukraine on August 11, 2025. (Photo by Ukrainian Armed Forces via Reuters)

U.S. Air Force pilots with the Thunderbirds perform the calypso pass maneuver in F-16 Fighting Falcon aircraft during a practice session prior to the Gunfighter Skies air show at Mountain Home Air Force Base, Idaho, September 19 and released September 24, 2014. (Photo by Tech. Sgt. Manuel J. Martinez/Reuters/US Air Force)

The War in Abkhazia from 1992 to 1993 was fought between Georgian government forces for the most part, and Abkhaz separatist forces, Russian armed forces and North Caucasian militants. Ethnic Georgians who lived in Abkhazia fought largely on the side of Georgian government forces. Ethnic Armenians and Russians within Abkhazia's population largely supported the Abkhazians, and many fought on their side. The separatists received support from thousands of North Caucasus and Cossack militants and from the Russian Federation forces stationed in and near Abkhazia. Here: Abkhazia. Sukhumi, 1993. A house-to-house combat. (Photo by Andrei Solovyov/ITAR-TASS)