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An aerial view shows Malian workers loading sand collected from the Niger river bed into a truck at the port of Bamako on October 7, 2018. Increasing construction in the Malian capital has boosted the demand for bricks made out of high-quality Niger River sand. Diggers can travel more than 100 kilometres (60 miles) from Bamako to reach an extraction site, sometimes exposed to harsh weather conditions that endanger their fragile convoys. Once there, sand collectors dive down to the river bed to fill up buckets. They then tip their contents into a boat that can reportedly carry up to 10 tonnes of sand at a value of 50,000 CFA (around $80). While men usually collect the sand from river beds far from the capital for a total of 9000 to 13000 CFA (around $16 to $23) for three days of work, women unload it in Bamako for a rate of 1,000 CFA (around $1.75) per shipment. (Photo by Michele Cattani/AFP Photo)

An aerial view shows Malian workers loading sand collected from the Niger river bed into a truck at the port of Bamako on October 7, 2018. Increasing construction in the Malian capital has boosted the demand for bricks made out of high-quality Niger River sand. Diggers can travel more than 100 kilometres (60 miles) from Bamako to reach an extraction site, sometimes exposed to harsh weather conditions that endanger their fragile convoys. Once there, sand collectors dive down to the river bed to fill up buckets. They then tip their contents into a boat that can reportedly carry up to 10 tonnes of sand at a value of 50,000 CFA (around $80). While men usually collect the sand from river beds far from the capital for a total of 9000 to 13000 CFA (around $16 to $23) for three days of work, women unload it in Bamako for a rate of 1,000 CFA (around $1.75) per shipment. (Photo by Michele Cattani/AFP Photo)



A convoy of boats used to carry sand extracted from the river bed sails along the Niger River between Kangaba, in Mali' s southwestern Koulikoro region, and Bamako on October 2, 2018. (Photo by Michele Cattani/AFP Photo)

A convoy of boats used to carry sand extracted from the river bed sails along the Niger River between Kangaba, in Mali' s southwestern Koulikoro region, and Bamako on October 2, 2018. (Photo by Michele Cattani/AFP Photo)



A Malian digger dives in the waters of the Niger River to check the quality of the sand, at a sand quarry near Kangaba in Mali' s southwestern Koulikoro region, on October 3, 2018. (Photo by Michele Cattani/AFP Photo)

A Malian digger dives in the waters of the Niger River to check the quality of the sand, at a sand quarry near Kangaba in Mali' s southwestern Koulikoro region, on October 3, 2018. (Photo by Michele Cattani/AFP Photo)



A Malian digger loads his boat with sand collected from the Niger River near Kangaba, in Mali' s southwestern Koulikoro region, on October 2, 2018. (Photo by Michele Cattani/AFP Photo)

A Malian digger loads his boat with sand collected from the Niger River near Kangaba, in Mali' s southwestern Koulikoro region, on October 2, 2018. (Photo by Michele Cattani/AFP Photo)



A Malian digger pulls his boat to a site where he can dive and collect sand from the Niger river bed near Kangaba, in Mali' s southwestern Koulikoro region, on October 2, 2018. (Photo by Michele Cattani/AFP Photo)

A Malian digger pulls his boat to a site where he can dive and collect sand from the Niger river bed near Kangaba, in Mali' s southwestern Koulikoro region, on October 2, 2018. (Photo by Michele Cattani/AFP Photo)



Malian women unload river sand from boats moored in the port of Bamako on October 1, 2018. (Photo by Michele Cattani/AFP Photo)

Malian women unload river sand from boats moored in the port of Bamako on October 1, 2018. (Photo by Michele Cattani/AFP Photo)



A Malian digger dives in the waters of the Niger River to collect sand near Kangaba, in Mali' s southwestern Koulikoro region, on October 2, 2018. (Photo by Michele Cattani/AFP Photo)

A Malian digger dives in the waters of the Niger River to collect sand near Kangaba, in Mali' s southwestern Koulikoro region, on October 2, 2018. (Photo by Michele Cattani/AFP Photo)



An aerial view shows Malian diggers loading boats with sand collected from the Niger River near Kangaba, in Mali' s southwestern Koulikoro region, on October 2, 2018. (Photo by Michele Cattani/AFP Photo)

An aerial view shows Malian diggers loading boats with sand collected from the Niger River near Kangaba, in Mali' s southwestern Koulikoro region, on October 2, 2018. (Photo by Michele Cattani/AFP Photo)



Malian diggers stand on their boats loaded with sand at an extraction site on a affluent of the Niger River near Kangaba, in Mali' s southwestern Koulikoro region, on October 2, 2018. (Photo by Michele Cattani/AFP Photo)

Malian diggers stand on their boats loaded with sand at an extraction site on a affluent of the Niger River near Kangaba, in Mali' s southwestern Koulikoro region, on October 2, 2018. (Photo by Michele Cattani/AFP Photo)



A Malian sand digger takes shelter under a plastic tarpaulin during a storm over the Niger River, near Kangaba in Mali' s southwestern Koulikoro region, on October 1, 2018. (Photo by Michele Cattani/AFP Photo)

A Malian sand digger takes shelter under a plastic tarpaulin during a storm over the Niger River, near Kangaba in Mali' s southwestern Koulikoro region, on October 1, 2018. (Photo by Michele Cattani/AFP Photo)



Malian women unload river sand from boats moored in the port of Bamako on September 30, 2018. (Photo by Michele Cattani/AFP Photo)

Malian women unload river sand from boats moored in the port of Bamako on September 30, 2018. (Photo by Michele Cattani/AFP Photo)



Malian workers haul out a boat they use to carry sand collected from the river bed during a routine maintenance on October 7, 2018, in the port of Bamako. (Photo by Michele Cattani/AFP Photo)

Malian workers haul out a boat they use to carry sand collected from the river bed during a routine maintenance on October 7, 2018, in the port of Bamako. (Photo by Michele Cattani/AFP Photo)
25 Oct 2018 00:05:00