The NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations (NEEMO) 21 mission began on July 21 as an international crew of aquanauts splashed down to the undersea Aquarius Reef Base, located 62 feet below the surface of the Atlantic Ocean in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. The NEEMO 21 crew will perform research both inside and outside the habitat during a 16-day simulated space mission. During simulated spacewalks carried out underwater, they will evaluate tools and mission operation techniques that could be used in future space missions, including journeys to Mars. (Photo by Karl Shreeves/NASA)

Monumental landscape artwork “Hush” by installation artist Steve Messam hangs in the moors of Teesdale on July 18, 2019 in Barnard Castle, England. The outdoor installation is inspired by the geology, mining history and landscape of the area. It hangs over Bales Hush, a deep gauge in the terrain created when miners flushed the area with water to reveal the geological riches below. Hundreds of metres of recyclable saffron yellow fabric blow in the wind. (Photo by Christopher Thomond/The Guardian)

A man bundled up for the cold weather carries a dog in his jacket while walking along the waterfront in New Westminster, British Columbia, Tuesday, December 28, 2021. Environment Canada has issued an arctic outflow warning for Metro Vancouver and the south coast with well below normal temperatures forecast for the region. (Photo by Darryl Dyck/The Canadian Press via AP Photo)

An employee of Paris city Hall removes padlocks clipped by lovers on the fence of the Pont des Arts over the River Seine in Paris, December 9, 2014. For years, visiting couples have hung brass padlocks on the iron grills lining the city's bridges to symbolise their undying love – they write their names on the locks, then toss the key into the Seine below. About 700,000 love locks are added every few months and Paris officials say they are damaging the bridges and threatening safety because of the added weight. (Photo by Philippe Wojazer/Reuters)

Unforgiving temperatures of up to 60℃ (140℉) beat down on these saltminers on a daily basis. The mines, situated in the Afar Triangle in Ethiopia, stretch across 38,000 sq miles and at their lowest point are more than 300ft below sea level. Joel Santos travelled to capture the area’s dry, brutal beauty. Here: Dromedaries and donkeys are used to transport the salt. (Photo by Joel Santos/Barcroft Images)

The Royal Observatory just announced its Astronomy Photographer Of The Year 2013 winners. Australian photographer Mark Gee was chosen among a thousand amateur and professional photographers around the globe to win the top title. His work is part of an exhibition of the winning photographers, which opened on Sept. 19 at the Royal Observatory Greenwich. The Royal Observatory shared with us the winners and notable mentions of the competition. Their descriptions of the prizewinners can be found below the images.

“Rivers Forgotten” is a journey through the passages and portals of the underground waterways that lie unseen below cities. Self-taught photographer Jeremy Kai brings these forgotten landscapes to light. Photo: Beneath the Toronto area, 2011. (Photo by Jeremy Kai)

During the feudal times, the society was very structured where everyone knew their place. Fishermen knew that they would always have to bend their knee for highborn ladies and gentlemen, while the latter considered themselves to be far too superior to even look at the common folk. Mont Saint-Michel is a living memorial of those times. Its structural composition clearly reflects the structure of feudal society: The monastery and abbey were built on the highest point; housing and stores were built some distance below; finally, fishermen’s and farmer’s houses were constructed, not even being within the city walls, making them the most vulnerable to the possible attack.