“Rivers Forgotten” is a journey through the passages and portals of the underground waterways that lie unseen below cities. Self-taught photographer Jeremy Kai brings these forgotten landscapes to light. Photo: Beneath the Toronto area, 2011. (Photo by Jeremy Kai)

Beneath the Swedish capital lies an intricate web of underground train lines. More than 90 of the 100 stations in the 110km tunnel system, sometimes referred to as “the world’s longest art gallery”, have been decorated with paintings, installations, mosaics and sculptures by 150 artists since the 1950s. After spending a couple of weeks exploring arctic Norway and Sweden, London-based travel photographer Conor MacNeill headed underground to capture images of the metro stations. Here: A rainbow arcs over a girl on the platform of Stadion station. (Photo by Conor MacNeill/The Observer)

In this November 2, 2017 photo, Mathew Fulkerson and his wife Leigh Ann pose at their Subterra Airbnb located in a former underground missile silo base near Eskridge, Kan. It was designed to house a nuclear warhead six decades ago – but now, this Cold War silo is the perfect spot for a mini break at just $133 a night. (Photo by Thad Allton/The Topeka Capital-Journal via AP Photo)

“For most Londoners, the most common view they enjoy as they trudge to work is the back of another commuter's head. But now, thanks to the Streetmuseum app, anyone traipsing through the capital's streets can step back in time to see what London looked like in the 19th and 20th century compared with today – all in the same image”. – Joe Krishnan via The Independent. Photo: A street scene in London’s Covent Garden with the underground station and a horse and cart in the background in c.1930 and the same street in 2014. (Photo by Museum of London/Streetmuseum app)

An actor plays an injured passer-by during Exercise Strong Tower, the scene of a mock terror attack at a disused underground station in central London, Britain June 30, 2015. London police held their biggest-ever terrorism drill on Tuesday, pitting the emergency services against a group of marauding attackers, nearly 10 years since four young British Islamists killed 52 people in suicide bombings on London's transport network in July 2005. (Photo by Peter Nicholls/Reuters)

A cenote is a natural phenomenon, a sinkhole in the Earth’s surface. The Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico has an estimated 7,000 cenotes because it is primarily made up of porous limestone. For millions of years, rainfall slowly ate away at the limestone and a huge system of underground caves and caverns was formed. Many filled with water from rain or from the underground water table. When the roof of a water filled cave collapses, a cenote is born. The water found in a cenote may be fresh water, salt water, or both. Structurally it may be completely open, like a lake, almost completely closed with just a small opening at the top, or somewhere in between.

Taken by photographer, Denis Budkov, 33, the Plosky Tolbachik is one of a cluster of volcanoes located in the Kamchatka Peninsula in the far east of Russia. After taking a lucky group of tourists to the crater of the flat volcano, the Russian photographer managed to get less than 300 metres away from the spurting jets of lava. Photo: The underground entrance to the volcano resembles a scene from the latest Hobbit movie. (Photo by Denis Budkov/Caters News)